Freshness
Freshness works two ways: recent dates and new ideas that add to Google's knowledge. Recent content gets a temporary boost while Google tests it with searchers, while unique ideas and original data get absorbed into Google's understanding of topics.
Fresh content includes new research, original data, and unique views that go beyond copying existing content. This connects with Content Strategy choices about when to publish Content Updates versus creating new resources within Topic Clusters.
Freshness influences Content Depth by pushing original research over basic rewrites. Content Planning must balance the work needed for truly fresh content against Editorial Calendar limits and Topical Relevance needs.